Aim To determine the prevalence of dental development anomalies and type of influence on the smile of adolescent students. Method This was a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lot in the city of Parnaíba-Piauí. The sample calculation was based on the target population: number of people enrolled in public and private schools between 15 and 19 years, in the city of Parnaíba-PI, which totaled 6209 students in 2020, according to a survey carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE. A questionnaire on epidemiological data and aesthetic self-perception of the smile was applied to 160 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old, from August 2020 to July 2021. The clinical examination was carried out under natural light, to check for the presence of anomaly(s) in the dental development. Students who presented only one pathology would be called group 1 (G1), those who presented two would be called group 2 (G2) and those who presented 3 or more would be called group 3 (G3). On the other hand, adolescents in whom no anomaly was evidenced would participate in the control group (CG), both in A1 and A2. Results It was observed that 37.5% of the sample had only a type of dental anomaly, corresponding to 60 individuals. The most prevalent were enamel hypoplasia, fusion, transposition, agenesis, ectopic eruption, microdent and dens-in-dent. It was possible to verify a higher prevalence in the maxilla, private schools (76.6%) and females (86.6%). In 45% of adolescents with dental anomalies, embarrassment was observed when smiling. Conclusion The prevalence was relatively high, highlighting the enamel hypoplasia, influencing the smile esthetics of a reasonable number of adolescents, whether for acquaintances, strangers or even for photographs.

Aim To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with gummy smiles in adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years attending high school. Methods The cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, with 160 adolescents, from two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lottery, divided into two groups: G1 (with gummy smile) and G2 (no gummy smile). A clinical examination was carried out on the adolescents, investigating the presence or absence of a gummy smile (GS), by analyzing the variables (interlabial distance at rest, upper incisor exposure at rest, smile arc, measurement from the subnasal to the upper lip philtrum, upper lip length, upper lip thickness, hypermobility and lower/middle third ratio). Means and dispersion were obtained, and the Chi-square association test was applied, to compare the results between A1 and A2 and between G1 and G2. Results The prevalence of GS was 33.8% (=54). It was found that no statistically significant associations were found (p > 0.05), regarding the type of school and gender with the presence of GS in adolescents. There was no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 1.82; p = 0.07) between the groups and the age of adolescents. There was a significant association between the studied variables and GS (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence was high with a predominance of females. There were no statistically significant associations regarding the type of school and gender, but there was a significant association between gummy smile and lip dimensions.

Abstract Aim: To investigate the knowledge and actions of dentists for treatment of individuals with Down syndrome. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to all the dentists (n=90) working at the FHS (Family Health Strategy) modules in the urban limits of Parnaíba, PI, Brazil. Four of the questions in the questionnaire were written according to the Theory of Planned Behavior Table and Likert scale (questions 6,7,9 and 15), in order to analyze the professionals' intentions. Sixteen objective questions were elaborated with the purpose of collecting information about the degree of the dentists' knowledge as regards the intention of attending courses in the patients with special needs area including DS, and interaction with other professionals and families. The option was to use a questionnaire applied to the dentists of the region, from August to November 2014. Results: It was found that most professionals were women and they considered themselves able to identify these patients. Among the professionals, 70% showed they had no difficulty in identifying the patient with DS, and 5.2% had no opinion about the subject. Only 6.6% of the professionals showed to be certain about their aptitude to attend to these patients; 70% were partially apt, that is, they were not absolutely sure about their aptness. There was a statistical relationship between the variables understanding and difficulty in the treatment. There was no statistical relationship between the variable capacity to identify, understanding of the needs and fitness variable in attendance. Conclusions: Patients with Down syndrome need more attention and care of dentists, they must also be involved in a multidisciplinary approach. Most of the professionals do not follow the procedures laid down by the Ministry of Health, but showed interest in attending a course in this area and there is a low number of SD patients being cared in Parnaíba, PI.

AIM: To compare two types of treatment for Class II deep overbite malocclusion assessing maxillary and mandibular arches behavior in subjects submitted to full orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise appliance and those who used straight wire appliance. METHODS: The sample consisted of 50 patients treated with full fixed appliances either with edgewise appliance n=25, Group 1, or with straight wire appliance n=25, Group 2. In both groups lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared with those done at the beginning of treatment and at its end, in order to quantify the cephalometric measures 8 linear and 6 angular presenting the maxillary and mandibular arches behavior in the anteroposterior and vertical directions. All patients were treated without extraction or use of Class II intermaxillary elastics during the full orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: In both groups the treatment of malocclusion contributed for mandibular forward displacement, reduction of deep overbite and overjet, reduction of mandibular plane with anti-clockwise rotation and labial projection of maxillary incisors. CONCLUSIONS: In both groups the sample showed favorable mandibular displacement, reduction of facial convexity, and profile improvement with anti-clockwise rotation. The correction of deep overbite was due to labial projection and intrusion of maxillary incisors.

Aim: To compare 2 types of treatment for Class II malocclusion assessing mandibular behavior in subjects submitted to full orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise appliance and cervical headgear (Kloehn appliance) and those who used cervical headgear in the first period and with full orthodontic appliance in the second period. Methods: The sample consisted of 80 children treated with either cervical headgear combined with full fixed appliances (n=40, group 1), or with cervical headgear at first (n=40, group 2). In both groups, lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared with those made at the beginning of treatment, at its end and at 5-year post-retention phase, in order to quantify the cephalometric measures (8 angular and 3 linear), presenting the mandibular behavior in the antero-posterior and vertical directions. All patients were treated with no extraction and no use of Class II intermaxillary elastics during the full orthodontic treatment. Results: In both groups, the effective treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion did not interfere in the direction and amount of growth of mandibular condyles and remodeling at the lower border, with no influence on the anti-clockwise rotation of the mandible. The mandibular growth also was observed after the orthodontic treatment, suggesting that it is influenced by genetic factors. Conclusions: These observations may lead to the speculation that growing patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion and low mandibular plane are conducive to a good treatment and long-term stability with one or two periods of treatment.

OBJETIVO: verificar se o mini-implante no palato é eficaz como ancoragem direta para distalização dos molares superiores. MÉTODOS: foi utilizado um modelo em acrílico da arcada superior. Após a confecção da canaleta na região correspondente aos alvéolos dentários, os dentes em acrílico foram fixados com cera #7, montado aparelho ortodôntico com a técnica Edgewise e inserido um mini-implante (SIN, São Paulo) no local correspondente à rafe palatina. Foram colocados arco 0,19" x 0,25" e barra transpalatina, soldados na barra dois ganchos para retenção de dois elásticos em cadeia de dois elos, a uma carga de 150g/f de cada lado (Unitek), que se estenderam dos ganchos até o mini-implante. O modelo da maxila foi mergulhado 40 vezes em banheira e fotografado após cada mergulho para observação da movimentação dentária. Os dados foram analisados pela análise da variânçia (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. RESULTADOS: os molares deslocaram-se distalmente 3,1mm, em média, com inclinação distal entre 3 e 5mm. CONCLUÕES: a movimentação dos molares ocorreu pela inclinação distal, com leve rotação, mas sem efeito extrusivo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether palatal mini-implants are effective as direct anchorage for distal movement of the upper molars. METHODS: It was used an acrylic model of the upper dental arch. After making a groove in the region corresponding to dental alveolus, acrylic teeth were fixed in groove with #7 wax, with the roots being previously immersed in adhesive wax. The orthodontic appliance was placed according to the Edgewise technique and then a mini-implant (SIN, São Paulo, Brazil) was inserted at the site corresponding to the palatal raphe. A 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel archwire was made and attached to the upper arch with elastics. A transpalatal arch bar (0.019 x 0.025in) was mounted and two hooks were soldered to it in order to retain chain elastics (Unitek, Brazil) to be connected to the mini-implant under a force of 1.5 N on each side. The maxillary model was immersed in water 40 times and photographed after each immersion, for observation of dental movements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were employed for analyzing the obtained data. RESULTS: Molars displaced distally 3.1 mm, in average, with distal inclination ranging from 3 to 5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Molar movements occurred due to distal inclination, with a slight rotation and no extrusive effect.

AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the maxillary dental effects of cervical headgear and pendulum appliance during distalization of permanent maxillary first molars. METHODS: A literature survey from databases covering the period from 1956 to August 2008 was carried out. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and controlled clinical trials (CCT) were included. Two reviewers selected and extracted the data independently, and also assessed the quality of the retrieved studies. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 48 articles, of which 3 met the inclusion criteria. Distal molar movement with headgear versus pendulum appliance was identified. In all studies selected, the methods used to detect and analyze the distal molar movement were valid and generally well know. All articles included an error analysis method and considered the risk for confounding factors, but only one study used blinding in measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The studies showed that both cervical headgear with patient compliance and a non-compliance pendulum appliance are very effective in distalizing maxillary molars. However, additional RCTs with larger samples of both molar distalizing appliances are needed to confirm this result and provide further reliable scientific evidence.

OBJETIVO: o presente trabalho de revisão de literatura consistiu em realizar um estudo comparativo entre diversos modelos de máscaras faciais em relação às suas influências dentárias e esqueléticas e suas implicações sobre a altura facial inferior. MÉTODOS: optou-se pela busca de artigos relevantes, abrangendo estudos randomizados controlados, ensaios clínicos controlados e não-controlados, incluídos de acordo com critérios de elegibilidade. Foi realizada a comparação entre oito diferentes modelos de máscaras faciais: Delaire, Grummons, Petit, Turley, Batista, Sky Hook, Nanda e Tübinger. Foram coletados: a) o tipo de ancoragem, a origem, direção e magnitude das forças entre as máscaras faciais; e b) os resultados pertinentes às alterações das grandezas esqueléticas SNA e SNB, AFAI - ENA-Me, SN.GoGn, FMA; e as grandezas dentárias IMPA, 1-NA e 1-NB. CONCLUSÃO: não houve uniformidade na escolha do tipo de ancoragem e forma da aplicação das forças entre as máscaras envolvidas no estudo. Houve semelhança nas grandezas esqueléticas e dentárias: deslocamento anterior do complexo maxilar (aumento do SNA), deslocamento anterior dos dentes superiores (aumento do 1-NA), inclinação lingual dos incisivos inferiores (diminuição do 1-NB e IMPA), rotação da mandíbula para baixo e para trás (aumento do AFAI, SN.GoGn e FMA, diminuição do SNB).

OBJECTIVE: The present literature review, examined the effects of maxillary protraction in patients treated with different types of facial masks. METHODS: The review searched for relevant articles, including randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and uncontrolled trials. Comparisons were made between eight different types of facial masks: Delaire; Grummons; Petit; Turley; Batista; "Sky Hook"; Nanda and Türbinger. Following aspects were evaluated: a) the type of anchorage; the origin, direction and magnitude of forces and b) the relevant results of following skeletal and dental measurements: angular (SNA and SNB), linear (AFAI); vertical angles (SN.GoGn, FMA); dental (IMPA) and linear (1-NA, 1-NB). CONCLUSION: The results showed that there was no uniformity in the choice of anchorage type and form of application of forces between the facial masks examined, but there were similarities in skeletal and dental aspects: Anterior displacement of the maxillary complex (increase in SNA) ; anterior displacement of the upper anterior teeth (increase of 1-NA), the lingual inclination of mandibular incisors (decrease of 1-NB), down and back rotation of the mandible (increase AFAI, SN.GoGn, FMA, decrease in SNB).